Dualism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Dualism - Research Paper ExampleAre medical researchers deep down their rights to experiment on puppets if their research helps cure diseases? Do animal rights properly belong to the realm of philosophy and pedagogy, or is it a matter for the courts? At the crux of the issue is the meaning of sentience. Does feeling (i.e. physical sensation) equate to intelligence? The main thrust of this paper is to argue that the ability to feel pain establishes a stripped-down ethical criterion for not experimenting on animals and, if by extension, feelings and former(a) emotions are deemed to be present, then animal protection should acquire the force of law. Aristotle wrote that animals meet this minimal criterion, arguing that they are endowed with perceptive sensitivity, which appears inherent in all animals, for they have an innate power, which (is called) sensible perception (Aristotle, 354). But when it came to this sensitivity, Aristotle said, not all animals are created equal. He sa id that sense being inherent Name 2 in some animals, a permanency of the sensible object is engendered, but in others it is not engendered, as would be the case with insects, for instance (Aristotle, 354). Descartes made a similar distinction, but one which drew on mans supposedly divine nature, asserting that while animals wield an intelligence that allows them to carry out basic tasks, such as finding shelter, this intelligence is of a significantly outclassed type to the rational intelligence of man, which comes from his soul (Kang, 117). Ultimately, Descartes decided that animal intelligence cannot be compared to that of humans, because animals are unable to reason or communicate verbally. Nevertheless, whatever the limits of animal consciousness might be, countless theories have been developed to support the validity of animal intelligence. Physicalist and Neurofunctionalist philosophical admittancees Physicalism postulates that consciousness canbe identified with neuron act ivity, a grade that allows for the possibility that intelligence is a characteristic humans and animals share, so long as they are built upon the same biological, chemical and physical properties (Allen, 2010). Such an approach also claims that questions about the relative intelligence of different species becomes trivial once neuroscientists have carried out the non-trivial task of determining the physiological basis of consciousness in animals for which no reasonable doubt of their consciousness can be entertained (Allen, 2010). Neurofunctionalism considers the existence of neural cortex activity in primates as the to the highest degree plausible candidate for being the neural correlate of phenomenal consciousness in these species (Allen, 2010). In On a Confusion About a forge of Consciousness, N. Block associates phenomenal consciousness with brain processes in certain higher-level perceptual representations. Since the evidence for Name 3 such processes is at least partially d erived from animals, including other primates and rats, (Blocks) view is supportive of the that phenomenal consciousness is found in some nonhuman species (presumably most mammals) (Allen, 2010). Other first-order theories take a more condition line, including representationalism, which insists that an animals ability to perceive its surroundings equates to conscious awareness. Aristotle and Locke took a

Challenging Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Challenging Behavior - Essay ExampleSpecial Educational Needs (SEN) constitution The Special Educational Needs Policy is the backbone of the policy framework of Hampshire County Council. It serves as a key element for supporting and catering to the needs of children and adolescents in the midst of the ages of 0-19 (Hampshire County Council, 2009, p.1-9.). Main Priorities The main priorities indicated by the policy are the formation of a safer and securer environment of Hampshire for all citizens, the enhancement of the quality of services being provided, responding in effect to the improvements the community wants, meeting the demands of the local people, and maximising well-being and prosperity in the community. SEN provisions of the Special Educational Needs and Disability Act takes account for the collection of rights of children with special educational needs to study in mainstream schools, a right for nursery education providers, educational institutes to request a statutory evaluation, and assessment of a child and achievement of substantial acts, to ensure the arrangements to provide the parents of children with SEN with services offering advice and necessary information as a means to resolve and refute disputes by enforcing LEA duties. It is a sign of popularity of the policy amongst the community that it has been revised for the period of 2009-2012. This revised policy is responsive to certain changes whilst ensuring that the local authorities fulfil the duties and responsibilities undeniable by the SEN and Disability Act 2001, and improve its standards of quality service provided (Department of Health, 2005, p.2-24). The revised policy focuses upon the progress made by children and young people from their birth to adulthood, in pre-school settings and in schools, and the promotion of their well-being, learning, and achievements. Aims and Objectives The policy aims to improve and maintain the quality of provision for children with special education al needs wherever it is delivered. It is also striving to recognise save that schools and supporting services collectively provide for the needs of all children in the community. Operating effective assessment systems as early as possible in conjunction and collaboration with other agencies is another objective which has to be reached. Other important aims of the policy include allocation and usage of resources effectively and equitably in an efficient manner, and to assure that partnerships and associations with children, parents/carers and other stakeholders, work effectively (Hampshire County Council, 2009, p.1-9). Mentioned above is the rationale and achievements of SEN, but the following conclusions are obtained on the critical analysis of SEN Methods The methodology use involves a review of the related previous literature, a thorough study of the old and revised policies of SEN, Interviews with experts on field and conduction of case studies and surveys. Findings and Recommen dations SEN System lacks in addressing the inaccessibility of the services to the parents of children with behaviour issues. The parents have to face many challenges in getting the right support for their children. The conflict amongst the local authorities and delay in services has resulted in the undermining of confidence of people. The revised policy is concentrated on the children in the Hampshire County only the children from other areas are not receiving these privileges and the emphasis on the collaboration of

Advertisement to bid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Advertisement to bid - Essay ExampleThis entails the strengthening of the construction cover with steel bars known as rebars. Vibrators atomic number 18 as well as used to remove any air that might be trapped in the cover to increase the strength. It is also understood that you convey stained concrete floors, we have unlimited number of designs and colors for a beautiful finish.We also understand that you require light steel framing of ripe thermal properties. We have managed to use steel studs for rough-framing in both residential and commercial construction. The steel we use has good thermal and structural behavior especially in cold climate regions as heat loss is reduced and has tenement thermal comfort.We have also used clear windows to do some our previous constructions. Clear windows argon able to let in light at the same time keeps intemperate weather outside. The entire faade of the building can be covered by curtain walls.We have examined the plan located on Chin bui lding, 55 west 45 street, and confirm that we are able to complete the task in the required time. Enclosed is the bill bond of $18200 for the total of 6000 square foot.We pull through to inquire if you would be interested in counterfeiting as a wood framing subcontractor on an office/warehouse project. In case you are interested, you are supposed to present your major history, including main works undertaken by you recently. The details of key personnel you pass on have performing your portion of work over the entire period should also be presented.The building technique should be the stud technique which provides a stable frame to which the wall coverings are attached. Plywood, oriented strand boards, and wind braces should be used in wall sectioning and stabilization. For other fittings you, glued limited timber and laminated veneer lumber will be used. To save on materials used, dimensional lumber method should be used. You will also be required to fix a laminate floor with a high aesthetic value. The floor pieces should be machine

Cultural communications challenges for responding police officers Essay

Cultural communications challenges for responding police officers - Essay ExampleMuch research has come through that has suggested the kindred in the true sense of the word. However, what remains to be seen is the fact that these police officers will be able to give in their best in measure of trouble, trying circumstances, litigations, cultural manifestations, and so on and so forth. The role of these police officers within the argonas whither cultural communications tangents are drawn upon remain an important oneness. oftentimes times it has been seen that these police officers have not been able to get their point across to the relevant audiences merely due to the fact that the latter have not been able to understand what they are saying. This is a problem, and one that receives quite a lot of flak due to the communication breakdown which takes place within the cogitate scenarios (Decker, 1996). What could be done to do away with such communication breakdowns is something tha t remains to be seen within the midst of things. However, evidence is available that the police officers have wise to(p) new traits, acquired skills and the like to make sure that the abomination scene does not get disrupted by communication issues every now and then. What is important here is an understanding on the part of both these police officers and the people at large so that sanity could prevail within the related ranks and that success for the pursuit of finding out the inner depths of the crimes would see the light of the day. The main aim of these police officers should be as such to make sure that they secure the crime scene as soon as they reach the spot, and then collect hate literature, spray paint cans, do away with threatening letters, identify sorry evidence and move ahead with the investigation phases in particular. During this process, the manner in which they communicate with the people from different walks of life is a very significant notion, and one that needs to be given emphasis by these police officers as well. They also have to interview people to find out about the suspects and the echt crime that has been committed, creating awareness for not only their own selves but also the publics that are present near the crime scene. The support services for the community members are also deemed as significant because this emphasizes the due role of the police officers and their work manifestations within the minds of the community at large (Scerra, 2011). The police officers therefore have to softwood with a host of issues on a consistent basis, as well as ensure that no one takes the crime scene or point the police authorities for granted, and goes about ransacking the entire area or region that one is talking about here. The police officers find it very tall(prenominal) to cope up with the challenges when there are hate crimes on the rise. These hate crimes include the victims who would not bother listening to these police officer s, no matter how overmuch respect they give to the police and the related authorities. This is something that poses as a huge challenge on the part of the police officers who would want to get their point comprehend within the thick of things. The hate crimes include a great amount of biasness that has crept into the people with regards to their opponents and the law in essence, as the latter goes against their wishes, which is something that is tantamount to being a disruptive force within their demeanor (Salo and Allwood, 2011). The crimes

The Financial Side of Media Industries Transform Research Paper

The Financial Side of Media Industries Transform - Research Paper ExampleOne erect consider the listening as a commodity, similar to a widget, which is manufactured, traded, circulated and used. The perception of trading eyeballs to the promotional team is not a new brain for any person within the business even though, in its historical perspective, it is remarkable to notice how this case is prepared. However, the thought of unfolding the viewers effort is thought-provoking (Young, 1997, p. 32). During the earlier period, conservative reviewers of interactions concentrate on optimist theories, which concentrate on its consequence or function, however, seldom to content. Earlier political economists - neoclassic, Keynesian and Galbraith - mainly disregard the audience market. Even Marx was unable to deal with it although is accepted for significant explanations. He says marketing was not essential to mass communication before the end of World warfare 1. Nonetheless, the inclinati on started during the last part of the 19th century within main metropolitan areas in North America. This issue is a blind spot for turgid educationalists as well as philosophers, for instance, Gramsci, the Frankfurt School and some others. In view of the fact that audience control is created, traded, bought and used, it has a cost and it can be taken as a commodity. This is where the argument turns motivating as he states it entails effort on the part of the audience (Ang, 1991, p. 83). The effort is classified, not merely as some activity for which a particular salary is given, but it is an innovative, humanly unique act, where creating something implies some practical purpose is provided and the persons nature is changed.

Teachers Day Essay Example for Free

teachers Day EssayOn the 22nd of October 2012, PSC held its annual Teachers Day. The coercive Student Council was the reason behind this program, and in fact, they did a job well done. As the MC of the program, it was a blast to see everyone smiling and it was grateful to get laid that everyone had fun, especially the teachers. The quadrangle was literally crowded with students who wanted to greet and spend the day with their beloved teachers.The program started off with a prayer and a dustup from the authoritative Student Councils president, and was topped off with a dance number from the Grade 6. The teachers were called one by one after, and were habituated gifts from the SSC and of course, their students. They were also given a chance to take photos with their students. Some students even presented a song number for the teachers, while the others preferred to give a simple gift.First up was the teachers from the pre-school department, we had a hard time with the childre n since we had to take them up to the stage, but we eventually made it through. Next was the teachers from the elementary department, the students were so sweet, some would just run up to the stage and hug their teachers. Last but not the least, the teachers from the high school department. The high school students put a lot of effort into their gifts it just proves how a good deal they love their teachers.The teachers were also given a chance to showcase their talents, whether it was at singing or at dancing. It was nice to see, just for once, the other side of our teachers. Since it was Teachers Day, the teachers were given a break from their stressful job, and just enjoyed the show which was prepared by their students. The program ended with a song number from the Supreme Student Council. Once again, the program was a complete success thanks to the cooperation of the students, and of course the reason why we made this program the teachers.

The Handmaids Tale Essay Example for Free

The retainers Tale EssayGileads totalitarianism regime uses religion to meet the ends of the regime, rather than the regime being a means to operate matinee idol. instinct Scrolls is a place where Handmaids purchase one of five invocations to be read to them, before being recycled. Offreds prayer is a distortion of the Lords Prayer which is ostensibly much more personal to her. Offred describes intelligence Scrolls as a franchise. This suggests the presence of business and engineering science in Gilead, reinforced by the idea that the Handmaids accounts atomic number 18 debited and that the regime is everywhere. This concept of business is continuous throughout the novel, for example the ceremony previously discussed is impersonateed to be a business transaction. Franchise has connotations of something which is unavoidable. evenrybody knows it and everybody has access to it, and its the same everywhere you go its incredibly impersonal. Gilead uses nous Scrolls as a mea ns of controlling the Handmaids. There is no flexibility because there is no choice in prayer there are entirely five prayers to pack from, which seems quite artificial.In only offering five exact choices health, wealth, a death, a birth, a sin, it prevents mint praying for anything else. Despite the fact that the Handmaids can mentally think of other prayers, they can never articulate this because their freedom of speech is subverted to the state of Gilead. Birth and death are rites of passage and for the Handmaids its the only two things they can be certain of.They exist but for the purpose to bear children, and constant reminders of the consequences if they fail to conceive are that they will eventually die. With only 5 prayers available, this creates uniformity which shows how Gilead manipulates religion, because in reality, prayer should be different for everyone. The concept of Christianity is based on the relationship between God and the person. Prayer is theoretically supposed to be a means of personal communication, a way to thank God, and to wish for things to happen.Soul Scrolls is not personal. The machines talk and by speaking in a toneless metallic voice, Gilead is taking all freedom from the Handmaids minds, and this autonomy removes any need for a thought process, which means the Handmaids cannot threaten the Gilead regime by thinking for themselves. Soul Scrolls allegedly teach the Handmaids what they should think. However, their soul is a part of them and they should already know what they wishing to think, but the absence of this suggests the influence and power of Gilead.The idea that the Handmaids minds are also controlled is emphasised by this because Gilead doesnt let them develop, it uses machines and the role of people much(prenominal) as aunts and commanders to brainwash them. Regardless of the Handmaids being unable to elicit their thoughts, since God is omniscient he should know what theyre thinking. However, in articulati ng their thoughts they could confirm their own beliefs to themselves in a pragmatic way. It forms a part of positive thinking in the concept that the more you repeat it the better a chance they have of getting what they want.There is also a value in articulating feelings to people you love because its comforting. God is a conscious vivification entity aware of peoples love. Nevertheless, Gilead completely restricts this because the Handmaids have been brainwashed for so long that its wrong to think and to have these feelings, and so this restricts the power that the Handmaids could have. Soul scrolls is only one way communication from the machine to the Handmaid, and this stops them developing thoughts, making the Soul Scrolls simply another way of controlling the Handmaids.Soul Scrolls are described by the Wives to help their husbands career, which shows the machines to be pragmatic and simply a way to get ahead and follow the regime. Soul Scrolls also suggests that the regime is manipulative because it shows a yearning for money and power in charging for the prayers to be read, and in controlling the Handmaids. In buying prayers, its a sign of faithfulness to the regime, which implies that the regime has completely replaced religion and which emphasises that the Commander is thought to be like a God.Gilead completely distorts the meaning of prayer because with Soul Scrolls its not about connecting with God, and in prayer you should want to pray which is not what this is about. Atwoods repetition of punching in the numbers reinforces this sense of autonomy and contempt for the regime, because it appears instant and tedious. Offred describes it as having roll upon roll of prayers, which shows Gilead believes in quantity not quality, further emphasising the concept of business and money. Gileads regime is described as indestructible.The window of Soul scrolls is shatterproof, which suggests that for the regime to have protected the franchise, they must have f eared there would be dissenters. It suggests that not everybody in Gilead accepts it but they dont dare to express this because of the consequences. There is reference to the spies in Soul Scrolls, each machine has an eye painted in gold on the side, which shows their superiority and that the Handmaids are forever and a day being watched there is no escape and this is yet another means of controlling them.Offred tries to remember what the place sold before and realises it was a lingerie shop. This takes remote the feminist aspect of women because Gilead attempts to strip women of any wants and thoughts, to make them only want to bear children. If a lingerie shop existed in Gileads society as it were then, it would be considered corrupt, which is ironic because Gilead itself is a mire of corruption. The concept of a patriarchal society is reinforced in that most of the stores carrying things for men are still exonerated.Offreds parody of the Lords Prayer, which takes place by an empty garden (similar to how Jesus prayed alone in the Garden of Gethsemane), articulates Offreds feelings of abandonment and despair. course of instruction by line, such as Who Art in the kingdom of heaven, she regurgitates the sentiments of the Lords Prayer, typically used at ceremonies (the irony being in comparison to her experience of ceremonies), and in private commitment to express needs and holds. Offred dwells on metaphors of heaven, hell, daily bread, and forgiveness, from which arises a lot of the absent chandelier where her predecessor attached a noose.This shows Offreds despair because throughout a hopeful prayer she arrives at the conclusion that dying is the only option. Offred tediously recites the recurrent line from a tombstone in Gileads cemetery, and condescension her attempts to remain In hope Offred suffers so much isolation that her prayer becomes a desperate cry for spiritual nourishment. Offred concludes with a plaintive rhetorical question, How can I k eep on living? which emphasises her unhappiness within Gilead and her want to end it all.Offred continually refers to God as You, which shows her yearning to be personal with God and to have a personal relationship. Atwood refers God as you because it personifies God present Offred as trying to talk to him personally. She wishes she knew Your name, which implies she needs God to answer her. She describes her thoughts as hell we can make for ourselves, which suggests that the hell is Gilead itself. Offred is uncertain about her efficiency to find out about whats happening in Gilead.The Fall was a fall from innocence to knowledge is a reference to Adam and Eves loss of innocence after they disobeyed God and tasted the Tree of Knowledge. Offred applies this to herself because Gilead teaches that knowledge is dire and that they will no longer be innocent if they think such knowledge (the irony being that they were never innocent in Gileads corrupt regime). This suggests that if Offre d was to find out about what was happening, this would be a sin, and this also reinforces Gileads influence in terms of how they brainwash the Handmaids with bible stories.Offred avoids the traditional posture of praying I dont even close my eyeball. This is because it would draw guardianship to her and also shows that she is afraid of the consequences if she was found to be personally praying, and so this informal prayer becomes her only way of communicating with God. The equal darkness even when her eyes are closed implies that nothing goes away because its too hard. However, there is potential optimism within Offred. Or light suggests that there could be hope for Offred, notwithstanding that Gilead takes this hope.This informal way of praying seems like shes not fully committed but she still wants to pray because shes desperate. Soul scrolls is very impersonal in comparison to Offreds own prayer. All thought process is removed, unlike how Offred can reflect in her mind during her own prayer. In her own prayer, despite Offred not being completely committed, she does get the opportunity to think about whats happening in Gilead. In Soul Scrolls, Offred cannot do this because she may be caught and also because the autonomous voices prevent her from thinking.Offreds own prayer becomes much like a desperate cry for help and the purpose of her prayer is to portray to the reader just how distressed she is. On the other hand, Offred commits to Soul Scrolls because she has too since its a sign of faithfulness to Gileads regime, and if she didnt, it would seem suspicious, even if she doesnt believe in doing it. However, both do criticise Gilead, with Soul Scrolls expressing the pointlessness of it, and her own personal prayer expressing how Gilead is a hell.In her own personal prayer, Offred has hope for two way communications, and although his name is not known, God does offer some kind of contemplation for Offred, as she works her way through her feelings. Soul scrolls is simply a one way communication because prayers are printed and read to the Handmaids before being recycled, which shows the uniformity of this prayer. Offreds own prayer is also in a sense a rebellion from the constraints of Gilead, because although this isnt her aim, it does go against what Gilead teaches that she should not be thinking for herself.When Offred visits Soul Scrolls, she is complying with the ways of Gilead simply to stay out of trouble. In conclusion, Offreds personal prayer is much more personal than Soul Scrolls, and despite it being a distorted version of the Lords prayer, it does signify her despondency for salvation from the regime. Soul Scrolls is something Offred simply goes along with because she has no choice but too, and this offers her no answers to her thoughts because of how autonomous and controlled it is.